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"Semiotics of Simulation"

Augmented Hyperreality: When Artificial Intelligence Completes Baudrillard's Analysis
Emmanuel Carré
EPISTÉMÈ 2025;36:60-66.   Published online December 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.38119/cacs.2025.36.4
In 1981, Jean Baudrillard described the entry into the era of hyperreality: the image no longer represents reality, it precedes and produces it. Forty years later, generative artificial intelligence fulfills and surpasses this prophecy. Hyperreality is no longer merely a collective condition imposed by mass media—it becomes a personal device: everyone can now instantly produce their own simulacrum. This text analyzes three anthropological mutations provoked by this democratization. Ontology becomes reversible: AI authentically performs the human (Flynn, an artificial student in Vienna) while humans are suspected of being machines (the NPC effect). Emotion becomes an interface: empathetic chatbots shape what we accept to call "listening," and humans externalize the formatting of their emotions to algorithms. Existence becomes optional: fake-lives (starter packs, Strava Jockeys, fake Chinese offices) industrialize identity performance while feeding the surveillance capitalism theorized by Shoshana Zuboff. The article finally explores the ultimate inversion: we no longer merely simulate reality, we actively transform it to match the figurative. Cities Disneyland themselves for Instagram, bodies are surgically modified to resemble digital filters. The territory becomes the map.
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